Chapter 2: Introduction to Oromo Grammar
This chapter provides a concise overview of the essential grammatical features of the Oromo language.
Grammar Overview
It is important to remember that Oromo has a number of dialects and that there will be some variation from the grammar presented here. The main dialectal distinction is between the Oromo spoken in the southern regions of Ethiopia and that spoken in the western, central, and eastern areas. The grammar in this guide is a standardized form of Oromo, and will be easily understood by all Oromo speakers.
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Explore Nouns and GenderThe Gadaa System
As the population grew, the complexities of communal life increased. To manage this, the Oromo people developed a social institution known as the **Gadaa system**.
The Gadaa system is a traditional system of governance used by the Oromo people. It is a complex system that regulates political, economic, social, and religious activities. It is based on an age-grade system, where men pass through a series of grades, with each grade having specific responsibilities and rights.
Clans and Social Structure
A region or major tribe (like Anniya, Arsi, or Tuulama) is divided into several smaller groups called **gosa**, or clans. For example, within the Tuulama tribe, you find clans like Abichuu, Ada'a, Galaan, and others. Each clan is further subdivided into lineages, known as **warra** (families), which are then divided into **balbala** (gates) or **ibidda** (hearths).